Today, more and more are prioritizing sleep as it relates to health, and the growing interest in sleep is clear from recent trends observed with the Samsung Health app. Over the past two years, there has been a 182% increase in the number of users who actively tracked sleep at least once a week for a year. Yet despite this, the question remains: Have we been sleeping well?

Samsung set out to answer this question by analyzing 716 million nights of sleep behaviors from Samsung Health users worldwide. Though interest in personal sleep health has been skyrocketing, the reality is that the quality of sleep people get each night is, in fact, declining. 

The World Sleeps Less — and Less Efficiently

Across the globe, average sleep duration has fallen from seven hours and three minutes to six hours and 59 minutes globally—slipping below the essential seven-hour threshold recommended by the National Sleep Foundation. 

Another concerning aspect is the increase in awake time during sleep, leading to a decline in sleep efficiency, a key factor in sleep quality that is tracked by calculating the ratio of actual time asleep to the total time spent in bed each night.

This pattern was not isolated to any specific demographic or region. There was a reported decrease in sleep duration and efficiency across all sexes, age groups, and regions studied:

  • Though sleep efficiency continues to trend downward for males, females experienced the most notable decreases over the past year. 
  • Older demographics showed a greater decline in sleep efficiency. Notably, individuals aged over 70 experienced a decline nearly twice as much as that observed in those in their 20s. 
  • North America witnessed the greatest decrease in sleep efficiency, while Asia maintained the lowest. 
  • Outside of Europe and North America, all other regions had less than seven hours of sleep duration. 

Sleep Debt Highly Impacting Younger People

Inconsistent sleep patterns also impact sleep quality. Sleep debt—a measure of sleep inconsistency that indexes the gap between the amount of sleep during weekdays and weekends—also negatively contributes to global sleep issues.

Sleep debt is highest among the young; those in their 20s had nearly double the sleep debt of those in their 70s: 49 minutes versus 29 minutes, respectively. By region, Asia had the shortest sleep debt at 41 minutes whereas Latin America had the longest at 47 minutes. Globally, people are sleeping an extra 44 minutes on the weekends on average. 

Counting Penguins, Not Counting Sheep

In an effort to gain deeper insight into prevalent global sleep patterns, Samsung set out to analyze and categorize various types of sleepers into Sleep Animals. Each of the eight sleep animals represents a distinct sleep pattern with unique characteristics related to sleep duration, consistency, and awake time—all of which collectively influence sleep quality. 

Interestingly, the majority of individuals worldwide identified most closely with the sleep styles of “nervous penguins” comprising one-third of participants. They maintain healthy circadian rhythms yet frequently experience interruptions during sleep, contributing to diminished sleep efficiency. This pattern aligns with the downward trend observed over the past year. 

Older users saw higher percentages of “cautious deer,” meaning a person with shorter sleep duration and higher awake times. Almost 40% of those in their 70s had “cautious deer” as their sleep animal, which is almost 10 times more than those in their 20s. The ratio of this animal showed a consistent increase as the age group got older. 

People in their 20s—in addition to higher representation of “sensitive hedgehogs”—also saw more “sun averse moles” compared to older age groups. These categories, those who have problems with sleep consistency, became increasingly prevalent as the age demographic decreased as well. 

How Small Habits Can Deliver Quality Sleep

In addition to Sleep Animals, there is a suite of sleep coaching programs that aim to improve the quality of sleep. They are driven by the strong belief that forming small, daily habit changes can result in better sleep quality. It provides a month of motivational sleep coaching customized according to users’ unique animal sleep type right on their wrist—including, but not limited to getting out of bed quickly in the morning, having a regular wake-up time, being active during the day, and other positive habits.

To examine the effectiveness of sleep coaching, Samsung analyzed how many users moved on to a higher tier of sleep animal with coaching. For example, if you were “alligator on the hunt” in tier 3, it’s counted as effective when you move on to a higher tier of sleep animal in tier 1 or 2. It actually worked. An example of the effectiveness of sleep coaching resulted from the fact that sleep animals can evolve in positive directions through better sleep habits.

  • Some users experienced better sleep quality the more they participated in sleep coaching. Every animal saw higher improvement after two months of coaching than just one month.
  • 94% of “exhausted shark”—the most substandard sleep animal designation defined by those who are visibly sleep deprived and yet cannot achieve quality sleep—saw improvement after just two months of sleep coaching.