Sleeping too much does not make you fat. Quite the opposite, according to a new study examining sleep and body mass index (BMI) in twins, which found that sleeping more than 9 hours a night may actually suppress genetic influences on body weight.
The study looked at 1,088 pairs of twins and found that sleeping less than 7 hours a night was associated with both increased BMI and greater genetic influences on BMI. Previous research has shown that genetic influences include factors such as glucose metabolism, energy use, fatty acid storage, and satiety. In this study, the heritability of BMI was twice as high for the short sleepers than for twins who slept longer than 9 hours a night.
"The results suggest that shorter sleep provides a more permissive environment for the expression of obesity related genes," said principal investigator Nathaniel Watson, MD, MSc, of the University of Washington. "Or it may be that extended sleep is protective by suppressing expression of obesity genes."
Watson and colleagues determined that for twins sleeping less than 7 hours, genetic influences accounted for 70% of the differences in BMI, with common environment accounting for just 4% and unique environment 26%. For twins averaging more than 9 hours of sleep, genetic factors were attributed to 32% of weight variations, with common environment accounting for 51% and unique environment 17%.
More research is needed, Watson said, but these preliminary results may suggest that behavioral weight loss measures would be most effective when genetic drivers of body weight are mitigated through sleep extension.
